Association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and the outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection among high-risk populations in Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin (IL)-10 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility or the outcomes of HCV infection among high-risk populations in Jiangsu province.Methods IL-10 gene SNPs were detected in 1555 subjects including 264 self-limited HCV infections.371 persistent HCV infections and 920 healthy controls were selected through Taqman-MGB.Results After adjusted for cofounders as sex,age and high-risk population,data from logistic regression analysis showed that the distribution of IL-10 genotypes among the controls,spontaneous clearances and those with persistent infections did not show much differences.Results from further stratified analysis showed that,at the position of-819T/C,when compared with TT genotype,TC genotype had a significantly increasing chance of self-limited HCV infection among middle-aged,females and paid blood doners (adjusted OR values and 95％ CI were:2.160,1.163 4.011 ；1.693,1.066-2.688 and 4.084,1.743-9.570).It also had a lower risk of progressing to persistent HCV infection among those paid blood doners (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:0.312,0.130-0.747 ).CC genotype had a higher chance of self-limited HCV infection among people underwent blood dialysis (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:2.120,1.071 -4.197).Results also showed a decreased risk of progressing to persistent infection among paid blood doners (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:0.156,0.043-0.566).At the position of -592A/C,when compared to AA genotypc,the AC genotype had a significantly increasing chance of self-limited HCV infection among middle-aged,femalcs and paid blood doners (the adjusted OR values and 95％ CI were:2.176,1.173-4.037；1.659,1.055-2.607;3.704,1.625-8.443) but had an increased risk of persistent HCV infection among females (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:1.525,1.017-2.286).AC genotype showed an increased opportunity to progress to HCV persistent infection among drug users (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:1.845,1.122-3.034) but had a reduced risk of progressing to HCV persistent infection among paid blood doners (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:0.361,0.155-0.841 ).CC genotype had an increased opportunity to self-linited HCV infection as well as having a dccreased risk of progressing to persistent infection among paid blood donets (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:3.125,1.016-9.605；0.218,0.063-0.748).At the position of-1082A/G,AG/GG genotypcs had an increased chance of self-limited infection among blood doners (the adjusted OR values and 95％CI were:3.780,1.620-8.820).Conclusion IL-10-819T/C,-592A/C,-1082A/G SNPs might be related with the susceptibility and the outcomes of HCV infection among populations at high risk.

The application of time series analysis in predicting the influenza incidence and early warning / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This research aimed to explore the application of ARIMA model of time series analysis in predicting influenza incidence and early warning in Jiangsu province and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of influenza epidemic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The database was created based on the data collected from monitoring sites in Jiangsu province from October 2005 to February 2010. The ARIMA model was constructed based on the number of weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Then the achieved ARIMA model was used to predict the number of influenza-like illness cases of March and April in 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ARIMA model of the influenza-like illness cases was (1 + 0.785B(2))(1-B) ln X(t) = (1 + 0.622B(2))ε(t). Here B stands for back shift operator, t stands for time, X(t) stands for the number of weekly ILI cases and ε(t) stands for random error. The residual error with 16 lags was white noise and the Ljung-Box test statistic for the model was 5.087, giving a P-value of 0.995. The model fitted the data well. True values of influenza-like illness cases from March 2010 to April 2010 were within 95%CI of predicted values obtained from present model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ARIMA model fits the trend of influenza-like illness in Jiangsu province.</p>

Study on the spatial distribution of AIDS based on geographic information system in Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of AIDS in every city of Jiangsu province, trying to describe the geographic characteristics of AIDS and to develop a prediction model.Methods Numbers of patients in Jiangsu province were collected, to establish the database for the geographic information system, then setting up a 'risk map' of the disease. Spatial, autocorrelation.Linear spatial analyses were used to study the patients' numbers. Results (1)Results from the autocorrelation analysis showed that the distribution of AIDS was clustered at some places and was at random on the whole. The results also indicated that the distribution of AIDS in Nanjing was of negative correlation, while that in Suzhou and Wuxi were of positive correlation but in Tongshan, Wujiang, Pukou, Nanjing, Lishui, Wuxi and Suzhou showed seven locations of clusters with disease was more severe in the southern than in the northern parts of Jiangsu province. (3)Ordinary Least Squares method was finally used in the linear spatial regression and the results were: t=-1.045 103 (P=0.299 904); t=-1.443 668 (P=0.153 714) respectively. Conclusion According to the feature spatial distribution of the disease, effective measures should be taken to prevent and to keep the prevalence of AIDS under control.

Estimation and prediction of the epidemic situation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Jiangsu province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to estimate and predict the AIDS epidemic situation in Jiangsu province by using a software named Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and then to provide accurate information for making control plans and conducting interventions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Date were obtained from the comprehensively monitored sentinels of AIDS and venereal diseases (Data were from 28 national monitored stations and 52 provincial stations. From 2003 to 2009, a total of 10 730 000 people had been monitored) as well as project survey and laboratory tests. EPP epidemic model was employed to analyze the prevalence and to predict future epidemic situations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 830 000 and 1 020 000 people were monitored in 2003 and 2004 respectively, and 8 880 000 more people were monitored in the following 5 years. By the end of 2009, a total of 4103 HIV infection cases had been reported, among which 918 people were diagnosed with AIDS and 432 died. Since 2003, the cases infected through IDU had decreased from 66.84% (262/392) to 16.40% (142/868). However, the cases infected through sex contact had increased from 21.68% (85/392) to 77.40% (672/868). Among these cases, homosexual transmission and heterosexual transmission accounted for 39.10% (339/868) and 38.30% (333/868) respectively. It was estimated that there would be 14 290 HIV/AIDS cases in 2011 which is 18.10% (2191/12 099) higher than that in 2009. The estimated HIV infection rate would be 0.02%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EPP prediction showed the AIDS epidemic situation in Jiangsu province had an ascendant trend and the AIDS epidemic situation had demonstrated rapid growth. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective preventive measures to control the spread of AIDS.</p>

Psychological status in 1083 hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in hospitalized Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to May 2009, 1083 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronary artery disease were recruited in this study. The ZUNG Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the ZUNG Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used for the psychological assessment. Economic status, living condition and the environment of both living and working places were evaluated by epidemiological questionnaires.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of pure anxiety, pure depression symptoms and the combination of anxiety and depression symptoms were 7.9%, 28.3% and 14.3% respectively. Incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms was significantly higher in female patients compared with in male patients (P = 0.003, 0.012 respectively) and in aged patients than in middle-aged patients (P = 0.001). The elderly, less than 9 years of education and poor sleep quality increased the risk of anxiety symptom with ORs of 1.63 (95%CI: 1.21 - 2.21), 1.54 (95%CI: 1.15 - 2.07) and 1.62 (95%CI: 1.34 - 1.96), respectively, while workplace noise, history of chronic disease and poor sleep quality increased the risk of depression symptom with ORs of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.18 - 1.98), 1.36 (95%CI: 1.06 - 1.75) and 1.27 (95%CI: 1.08 - 1.50), respectively. Female (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.22-2.98), aged patient (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.23 - 2.76), workplace noise (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.42), history of chronic disease (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.24 - 2.71) and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.35 - 2.21) were significantly correlated with the combined incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Around half of the Chinese hospitalized CAD patients were complicated with various degrees of anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Female and aged patients were at higher risk for anxiety and depression symptoms. Sleep quality, workplace noise, years of education and history of chronic disease were independent risk factors for anxiety or depression symptoms.</p>

Study on the prevalence rate and immunity of hepatitis B virus infection among urban adults aged over 20 years in Wuxi, Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship on the prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B vaccination in urban citizens aged over 20 years old which would led to the development of strategies on HBV control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3744 subjects from general population were randomly selected in this study. Both ELISA and radio immunoassay were used to test five items of HBV infection, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall standardized infection rate of HBV was 51.7%, and HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were 4.5%, 48.5%, 0.3%, 3.5% and 51.4%, respectively. The two lowest HBsAg positive rates were found in the groups under 30 years old (2.9%) and students (2.6%). Anti-HBc rate among men was significantly higher than seen in women (P < 0.05), and showing a trend of increase with age (chi2 for trend = 256.2, P < 0.001). The standardized rates of HB vaccination in this population was 17.6% and decreasing rapidly with age (P < 0.05). People who had been vaccinated had both lower rates of HBsAg and HBV infection but higher rate of anti-HBs than those who had not (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HB vaccination in adults showed a reducing rate of HBV infection in the general population. Together with the enhancement of expanded program on immunization towards HB vaccination in neonates, much attention should be paid to HB vaccination in adults.</p>

Detection of serum anti-F antibody in hepatitis C virus infected patients / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the prevalence of serum anti-F in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the distribution of anti-F.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recombinant protein (HCV-F/GST) was coated onto micro titer plates as antigen. Sera of 120 patients with hepatitis C virus infection, 15 patients with hepatitis B, 3 patients with hepatitis E and 10 normal sera were tested by indirect ELISA for detecting anti-F.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>82 samples out of the 120 (68%) HCV infected patients exhibited a positive anti-F reaction, showing significant difference from the controls with no HCV infection (P < 0.01). Data from logistic analysis showed that the positive rate of anti-F was higher in patients over 50 year olds (OR = 6.675, 95% CI: 2.407-19.071). Patients of midrange, severe phase and hepatic cirrhosis had higher rate than the others (OR = 2.749, 95% CI: 1.470-5.141).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prevalence and distribution of anti-F in Yixing hepatitis C patients was reported and which might be related to the progression of HCV infection.</p>

Study on the association between polymorphism of TAP1 637 A/G alleles polymorphism and metabolic syndrome / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of the transporter 1 associated with antigen processing (TAP1) gene 637 A/G polymorphism on the risk of metabolic syndrome(MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted on 138 based-community patients (68 males and 70 females, 61.31 +/- 11.00 years old) diagnosed as MS with 162 healthy subjects (74 males and 88 females, 48.73 +/- 11.66 years old) came from the same origin as cases. The allele polymorphisms TAP1 637 A/G was examined by the specificity restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction(RFLP-PCR) method with genomic DNA. The effect of TAP1 637 A/G polymorphisms on MS were analyzed by multivariable unconditional logistic regression models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The TAPI 637 A/G allele genotypes frequencies (83.3%, 16.7%) contribution in control group were consistent with the distribution predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi2 = 1.46, P > 0.05). TAP1 637 G allele genotypes frequencies (26.1%) of cases were significantly higher than controls (16.7%) with P = 0.005. There were significant differences of AA (58.0%), AG (31.9%) and GG (10.1%) genotypes in cases than controls, AA (68.5%). AG (29.6%) and GG (1.9%) for recessive model and addictive model after age was adjusted with P value as 0.006 and 0.044, but no significant differences for dominant model (P = 0. 298). Results from recessive model with OR = 6.62, 95% CI :1.73-25.31, Addictive model with OR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.01-2.41 and one-way ANOVA analysis showed that systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels of GG genotype were significantly higher than AA or AG genotype (P < 0.05) whereas no significantly statistical differences for other clinical characteristics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TAP1 637 allele A to G alteration or genotype AA to GG and AG to GG alterations could increase the risk of MS significantly, especially for SBP and DBP levels, and this positive association results might be helpful to support the biological role of TAP1 in MS but in need of larger sample size to provide more powerful evidences.</p>

The genetic polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes of Chinese Han population in Jiangsu area is studied by PCR-sequence-based typing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes of Han population in Jiangsu of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The alleles and haplotypes frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes in 100 unrelated healthy individuals were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 7 DQA1 alleles detected, the most common allele was DQA1*0301/02/03 with a frequency of 29.5%, which was followed by DQA1*0501, DQA1*0102 and DQA1*0201 with frequencies of 18.5%, 17.0% and 12.5%, respectively. Of the 13 DQB1 alleles detected, DQB1*0201/02 allele (21.5%) was the most frequent allele, followed by DQB1*0301/09 (14.5%), DQB1*0303 (13.5%) and DQB1*0603 (11.5%). The most common DQA1 vs DQB1 haplotype was DQA1*0301/02/03 vs DQB1*0303 with a frequency of 12.5%, which was followed by the DQA1*0201-DQB1*0201/02 (10.5%),DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/02 (9.5%) and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301/09 (7.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of HLA-DQ alleles and haplotypes in Jiangsu Han population shares some genetic characteristics with other population in northern of China, but has its own characteristics. The data will provide useful information for anthropology, organ transplantation and disease association studies.</p>

Study on hepatitis C virus genotyping in Yixing area, Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in Yixing, Jiangsu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genotypes identification on sera samples were obtained from 158 donors who had already been anti-HCV positive through PCR method with type specific primer designed according to the sequence of 5'non-coding region (5'NCR). 5'NCR was also sequenced and compared with published date. Genotypes distribution was investigated in patients with different sex and clinical types of hepatitis C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the total 158 patients, 95 were HCV RNA positive in which 80 patients having genotype 1b (80/95; 84.4%), 5 patients having genotype 2(5/95; 5.3%), 5 patients with 1b/2 mixed genotypes (5/ 95; 5.3%) and another 5 patients whose genotype undetermined. The difference on the distribution of HCV genotypes was significant between female and male patients (P < 0.05) but not in different kinds of hepatitis C patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Type 1b was the predominant HCV genotype in Yixing area.</p>

Assessment and analysis on the risk and community treatment of hypertension in rural areas in Changshu city / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess and analyze the risk and community treatment of hypertension in rural population of Changshu city, Jiangsu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified cluster sampling technique was conducted to select a sample of 800 people, aged 35 - 74 years old, in a rural village according to the proportion of the national population in Changshu. Weight, height, blood pressure, serum lipid, blood glucose and other related factors were examined and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rate of hypertension in the rural area was 32.01%, and significantly higher with the increase of age (P < 0.01). The average systolic blood pressure of hypertension in females was significantly positively correlated while, the average diastolic blood pressure of male and female hypertensives was significantly negatively correlated to age. The proportions of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as senility, hyperlipemia, premature familial history of CVD and overweight of hypertension were significantly high than those without hypertension (P < 0.01). The percentage of medium-low risk on hypertension was 85.72%, but of high risk was 14.28%. The ratio of using medication, exclusive non-medication, comprehensive treatment or total cure were 42.05%, 2.84%, 14.20% and 59.09%, accordingly. The rates of blood pressure control under the above approaches were 35.14%, 40.00%, 36.00% and 39.77%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Assessment on the risk of hypertension in the rural areas suggested that the priority should be given to medium-low risk groups, while the rate of medication and non-medicine intervention was at low level. It is necessary to strengthen a comprehensive intervention program for hypertension control.</p>